Native American's of the arctic's religion
The native Americans of the arctic's culture area was
the aboriginal homeland of the Inuit and Yuit (both previously called "Eskimos.") and Aleut. The area is vast, more than 5,000 miles stretching across the circumpolar region and embraced by the political boundaries of four nations: Russia, the U.S.A., Canada, and Denmark (Greenland). Despite the geographical size, the area supports a population of less than 110,000. Most of the aboriginal people lived (and still live) along the coastline and in the more favorable river valleys. Two items concerning the Arctic peoples stand out: their cultural homogeneity over such a tremendous geographical area and their considerable range of local adaptations. From Siberia westward to Greenland, the Arctic peoples shared a very similar basic material and social culture, reacting in many of the same fundamental ways to social and ecological pressures. However, because of the myriad of eco-niches found in the Arctic and the demand for extreme technological and demographic flexibility, there existed extensive local variation in Inuit culture.
Winters in the Arctic are long and severe while summers are short and only mildly warm and Inuit and Yuit (and to a lesser extent Aleut) life was/is characterized by residence in the Arctic and extreme dependence on marine resources, with two important exceptions. Many Inuit groups had a riverine emphasis, building large permanent settlements near river mouths and wooded valleys of large rivers where they harvested migratory fish. Another exception to the usual pattern was found among the Nunamiut ("people of the land"), and the Caribou Eskimos, both well adapted to inland hunting. The latter people lived across the Barren Grounds in the central Canadian Arctic and subsisted on vast herds of migratory caribou and fish taken from streams and lakes.-native peoples of north america
the aboriginal homeland of the Inuit and Yuit (both previously called "Eskimos.") and Aleut. The area is vast, more than 5,000 miles stretching across the circumpolar region and embraced by the political boundaries of four nations: Russia, the U.S.A., Canada, and Denmark (Greenland). Despite the geographical size, the area supports a population of less than 110,000. Most of the aboriginal people lived (and still live) along the coastline and in the more favorable river valleys. Two items concerning the Arctic peoples stand out: their cultural homogeneity over such a tremendous geographical area and their considerable range of local adaptations. From Siberia westward to Greenland, the Arctic peoples shared a very similar basic material and social culture, reacting in many of the same fundamental ways to social and ecological pressures. However, because of the myriad of eco-niches found in the Arctic and the demand for extreme technological and demographic flexibility, there existed extensive local variation in Inuit culture.
Winters in the Arctic are long and severe while summers are short and only mildly warm and Inuit and Yuit (and to a lesser extent Aleut) life was/is characterized by residence in the Arctic and extreme dependence on marine resources, with two important exceptions. Many Inuit groups had a riverine emphasis, building large permanent settlements near river mouths and wooded valleys of large rivers where they harvested migratory fish. Another exception to the usual pattern was found among the Nunamiut ("people of the land"), and the Caribou Eskimos, both well adapted to inland hunting. The latter people lived across the Barren Grounds in the central Canadian Arctic and subsisted on vast herds of migratory caribou and fish taken from streams and lakes.-native peoples of north america
From the 1600s European Catholic and Protestant denominations sent missionaries to convert the tribes to Christianity. These efforts intensified during the mid 19th century through mid-20'th as US Government and Christian churches' joint efforts forcibly registered Native Americans as Christians, which caused contemporaneous official government records (and sources that reference these government records) to show "Christianity" as the majority religion of Native Americans for the past 100 years. These forcible conversions often occurred through US government and Christian church cooperative efforts that forcibly removed Native American children from their families, and forcibly moved those Native children into a Christian-US government operated system of American Indian boarding schools (aka The Residential Schools) where Native children were indoctrinated in European Christian beliefs, mainstream American culture and the English language. This forcible conversion and suppression of Indigenous languages and cultures continued through the 1970s.[1][2][3]
As part of the US government's suppression of traditional Indigenous religions, most ceremonial ways were banned for over 80 years by a series of US Federal laws that banned traditional sweat lodge and sun dance ceremonies, among others.[4] This government persecution and prosecution continued until 1978 with the passage of the American Indian Religious Freedom Act (AIRFA).[5]
Some non-Native anthropologists estimate membership in traditional Native American religions in the 21st century to be about 9000 people.[6][7] Since Native Americans practicing traditional ceremonies do not usually have public organizations or membership rolls, these "members" estimates are likely substantially lower than the actual numbers of people who participate in traditional ceremonies. Native American spiritual leaders also note that these academic estimates substantially underestimate the numbers of participants because a century of US Federal government persecution and prosecutions of traditional ceremonies caused believers to practice their religions in secrecy. Many adherents of traditional spiritual ways also attend Christian services, at least some of the time, which can also affect statistics. Since the 80 years of those prior legal persecutions ended with AIRFA, some sacred sites in the United States are now protected areas under law.[8]
Major Native American religions Bole-Maru Religion The Bole-Maru Religion was a religious revitalization movement of the Maidu, Pomo, Wintun, and other tribes of north-central California in the 19th century. Bole is a Win-tun word (a Penutian language), maru is a Pomo word (a Hokan language); both refer to the dreams of medicine people. They both draw on traditional as well as Christian beliefs and ethical guidelines, with revelations from dreams playing a central role. Some of the dances of this religion were the Bole or Maru dance, the Bole-Hesi Dance, and the Ball Dance. In these dances, dancers wore large headdresses. -native american religion-wikipedia